Quantifying Measurement Uncertainty in Photovoltaic Module Performance at Standard Test Conditions: A Machine-Based Approach

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of measurement uncertainty in the output parameters of photovoltaic (PV) devices, focusing specifically on measurements conducted under standard test conditions (STC). Accurate characterization of module I-V performance is crucial for PV manufacturers, researchers, and investors alike. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the measurement procedures for both performance and temperature coefficient of PV modules, with a strong emphasis on the detailed calculation of associated uncertainties. Notably, the research was conducted under real-world sunlight conditions, with special attention given to reference devices such as reference cells, modules, or pyranometers, which play a pivotal role in determining overall uncertainty components. By utilizing a diverse array of machines from various sources, the results obtained are applicable across a wide range of measurement configurations. Furthermore, adherence to the ISO/IEC 17025 series of standards ensures a standardized and reliable approach. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to uncertainty analysis, encompassing both performance and temperature coefficient measurements under real-world conditions. By providing valuable guidelines for PV module characterization and reliability assessment, particularly in uncertainty estimation, this study contributes significantly to the advancement of photovoltaic technology.