Brief Review of Current Research on Electrical Grids

Electrical grids play a crucial role in the global energy transition by providing reliable energy transport. They must accommodate the integration of decentralized renewable energy systems (RESs), which vary in scale, generation rates, and intermittency. Ensuring this integration requires modern grids with enhanced performance and reliability. Today, various types of electrical grids are undergoing modernization, especially with the rise of electric vehicles. Traditional power grids are being equipped with advanced solutions across transmission, sub-transmission, and distribution networks. This modernization also extends to microgrids, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, and wide-area synchronous grids, contributing to the emergence of new concepts such as supergrids and smart grids. This paper reviews rapidly the current state of research on electrical grids development, emphasizing critical concepts related to grids modernization and intellectualization. It aims to serve researchers, academics, and utility engineers interested in the latest advancements in the field. The aim of this work is unique and has not been addressed before, as the topics related to electrical grids are dispersed throughout the literature in large quantity, but they have not been reviewed as a cohesive whole.