Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adolescents treated with tomotherapy: Experience at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

BACKGROUND:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare disease worldwide; To the best of our knowledge, there is no established standard of care specifically tailored for the adolescent population. The majority of existing research relies on retrospective data analysis.


OBJECTIVE:
Evaluate clinical features, treatment results, prognostic factors and late toxicities of locally advanced NPC patients treated with tomotherapy.


DESIGN:
Retrospective


SETTINGS:
Tertiary care hospital


PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Between January 2007 and January 2020, we treated patients with NPC, aged between 14 and 21 years, with concomitant chemoradiotherapy using tomotherapy at our institution. We prospectively collected details of clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, outcomes and prognostic factors of these patients and then analysed them retrospectively.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
3-5 years overall survival (OS), 3-5 years locoregional control rate, 3-5 years disease-free survival (DFS), prognostic factors.


SAMPLE SIZE:
51 patients


RESULTS:
There were 26 male and 25 female patients included in our study. The mean age was 16.5 years, 5 (9.8%) patients with stage III, and 46 (90.2%) with stage IVa according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition staging system. Most patients (98%) received two or more cycles of induction chemotherapy. All patients received concomitant chemoradiotherapy. The median total dose of radiotherapy delivered was 6600 cGy (range 4800-7000). With a median follow-up of 73 months (range 9-168 months), a 5-year locoregional control rate, 5-year OS and 5-year DFS rates were 100%, 86.8% and 71.7%, respectively. Five years later, disease control was 71.7%. Ten (19.6%) patients had disease recurrence in the form of distant metastases during the follow up.


CONCLUSIONS:
Helical tomotherapy has an excellent late toxicity profile without compromising clinical outcome for patients with NPC. Radiotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to achieve remarkable local control rates.


LIMITATIONS:
Single institution experience, small number of patients, and retrospective design.