Uzma, N., Malik, A. I., Sadique, R., Aamir, F., Hijaz, A., Fuad, A. A., Emad, A. I. (2026). Constrained optimization in physics-informed neural networks for singular three-point boundary value problems. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2026.104063