Nano-Fertilizer and Growth Regulator technological applications on Improving Productivity, and Quality of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A field experiment was conducted at the Agroploligon Research Institute, Baribino, during 2023–2024 to evaluate the effects of foliar nano-fertilizer Terrasay and growth regulator Centrino on wheat performance. The study followed a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth regulator levels were 0, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 L ha⁻¹, while Terrasay rates were 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 L ha⁻¹. Significant interactions (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments were observed for phenology, yield, and quality traits. Higher regulator rates accelerated flowering and increased fertile tillers, while combined applications enhanced spike characteristics, thousand-grain weight (TGW), and yield components. The combinations F2 × GR2 and F3 × GR3 produced superior spike length, spikelet number, and TGW. Maximum grain yield in 2024 was achieved with F2 × GR2 (4457.4 kg ha⁻¹), significantly exceeding the control. Biological yield also increased markedly under higher fertilizer and regulator combinations. Wet gluten content reached 28.25% with F3 × GR2 compared with much lower values in untreated plots. Overall, foliar application of nano-fertilizer and growth regulator improved growth, productivity, and grain quality of wheat. The results highlight the potential of precision application of Terrasay (1.0–2.0 L ha⁻¹) and Centrino (1.25–1.5 L ha⁻¹) as an effective strategy for sustainable wheat intensification.