Short-term Metabolic Outcomes After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Oman

Objectives: Obesity poses a significant challenge worldwide, increasing the risk of various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidemia. Bariatric surgery, specifically a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), is effective in inducing weight loss, thereby improving the rate of obesity-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to assess the short-term effectiveness and metabolic effects of LSG procedures among patients in Oman. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, and included patients who underwent LSG between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected from the hospital’s computerized records preoperatively and one year postoperatively. Results: A total of 168 patients were included in the study, of whom most were female (66.1%). Before surgery, the mean age was 36.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 50.8 kg/m2. In terms of comorbidities, 28.6% had T2DM, 28.6% had HTN, and 20.8% had dyslipidemia. Postoperatively, more than two-thirds of the cohort (n = 132; 78.6%) achieved a target percent excess weight loss (EWL) of > 50%, including 89.5% and 73.0% of male and female patients, respectively (p =0.014). The percent EWL was positively correlated to preoperative BMI (p < 0.001); however, no significant associations were observed with various comorbidities, including HTN, T2DM, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea (p > 0.050). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that LSG is effective for the short-term achievement of percent EWL among Omani patients with morbid obesity. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of LSG on percent EWL and its effect on obesity-related metabolic diseases.