COOT-CNN: A metaheuristic-optimized deep learning framework based on lightweight convolutional architectures for multi-class robust crack detection in concrete infrastructures
Ali, R., Fareeha, H. (2026). COOT-CNN: A metaheuristic-optimized deep learning framework based on lightweight convolutional architectures for multi-class robust crack detection in concrete infrastructures. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2026.104293