BRUCELLOSIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND GLOBAL PREVALENCE

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Brucella, presents a significant public health concern globally, particularly in regions where animal husbandry is common. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of brucellosis, the different species of Brucella, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and a synthesis of previous studies on its prevalence. Brucellosis affects both animals and humans, leading to economic losses in livestock and chronic health issues in humans. The review highlights the global distribution of the disease, the various Brucella species that infect different hosts, and the clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods used for detection. The treatment strategies, including the use of antibiotics, and the challenges of managing brucellosis in endemic areas are also discussed. In addition, the review consolidates findings from previous studies, particularly focusing on the prevalence of brucellosis in different geographic regions, identifying key risk factors, and suggesting areas for further research and control measures.