Nontraditional risk factors in chronic kidney disease: correlation between creatinine clearance, Framingham risk score, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease became a public health problem increasing healthcare burden. Our aim was to detect the relationship between cardiovascular risk, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and kidney function in chronic kidney disease patients and to detect the nontraditional factors affecting the decline in kidney functions.MethodsA cross-sectional study including 30 male and female patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5. Creatinine clearance and Framingham risk score points were calculated. Carotid intimal medial thickness was measured as well as absolute flow mediated dilatation in brachial artery. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein, parathyroid hormone, kidney function tests, and lipid profile were measured.ResultsFramingham risk score points and carotid intimal medial thickness increased significantly with decreasing creatinine clearance (p0.0025, 0.0285) respectively. A significant correlation was found between highly sensitive C-reactive protein and Framingham risk score points but not with carotid intimal medial thickness (p0.0043, 0.2229) respectively. An inverse correlation was found between creatinine clearance and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (p0.0174). Absolute flow mediated dilatation in brachial artery decreases with increasing Framingham risk score points and decreasing creatinine clearance (p0.0044, 0.0269) respectively.ConclusionThere is correlation between chronic kidney disease and impaired vascular function, subclinical atherosclerosis, and heightened inflammatory response. Chronic kidney disease patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular events with higher [10-]year cardiovascular risk.