Iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome after insertion of a central venous catheter: recommendations for clinical practice

Abstract
Background
Horner’s syndrome is a rare complication of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. It comprises a triad of unilateral ptosis, ipsilateral meiosis with a normally reactive pupil, and ipsilateral facial anhidrosis of variable spread.

Case presentation
A 25-year-old female who underwent CVC insertion developed ptosis, reverse ptosis, meiosis, dilational lag, and enophthalmos after her procedure. The patient was diagnosed with a case of Horner’s syndrome attributed to occulosympathetic damage due to CVC in the catheter, after exclusion of all other sources. The patient was counseled regarding the etiology of the disease and advised monthly follow-up.

Conclusions
Horner’s syndrome is an uncommon complication that can easily be prevented by corrections in technique and experience. The study emphasizes the establishment of diagnostic and preventive principles for HS.