Tizanidine Cubosomal Nano Carriers as Transdermal Delivery System: Preparation and Characterization

Cubosomes are lipid-based nanostructured aqueous dispersions that form through a highly organized spontaneous self-assembly process. these lipid-based dosage forms can serve as effective carriers for lipophilic, hydrophilic drugs, thereby improving the therapeutic effectiveness of the drugs., cubosomes were developed in order to investigate their efficacy as nano carriers for transdermal delivery of tizanidine (TZN), a skeletal muscle relaxant with low oral bioavailability , cubosomal vesicles were  formulated using the thin-film hydration technique, employing glyceryl monooleate (GMO) as the lipid component and poloxamer 407(p407) as the stabilizer. the vesicle characteristics were modified by varying the surfactant-to-lipid ratio. the prepared formulations were evaluated for vesicle size (VS), polydispersity index (PDI), and entrapment efficiency (%EE). the optimized formulation was further subjected to an in vitro release study, zeta potential measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and compatibility analysis using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to compare the optimized formulation with the pure drug. the results demonstrated significant variations in certain physicochemical properties like particle size and EE. the optimized formulation, designated as F9, exhibited a vesicle size of 160.7 ± 4.785 nm, a PDI of 0.061 ± 0.048, an entrapment efficiency of 76.8 ± 0.17%, and a zeta potential of -23.46 ± 4.088mV, respectively, in vitro drug release study demonstrated controlled and sustain release profile from cubosomal dispersion photo micrographic analysis of the cubosomal dispersion confirmed a uniform cubic morphology with good dispersion stability. these findings suggest that the thin-film hydration technique is an effective approach for developing stable cubosomal dispersions