Poly acetyl amine grafted xanthan gum as a novel polymeric carrier for drug delivery system

The goal of this research is to develop a modified polymer with superior physicochemical characteristics that can be used to a variety of drug delivery systems in contrast to parent polymer systems. The manufacture of modified xanthan gum and improving its desired physicochemical characteristics are the specific goals of this work. Chloroacetyl chloride and ammonia were used in this study to successfully conjugate the acetyl amine group to xanthan gum (XG). The FTIR, 1H-NMR, DSC, XRD, and SEM techniques were used to characterize the alteration. Together with acute oral and cutaneous toxicity, the physicochemical characteristics—such as mucoadhesive nature, viscosity, gelling, and swelling behavior—were ascertained. The development of poly-acetyl amine grafting on xanthan gum (MXG) was validated by proton NMR and FTIR spectra. DSC and XRD were used to validate MXG's crystallinity. Along with size and form, SEM pictures show that the smooth polyhedral structure of xanthan gum altered to a rough, spongy surface in MXG. When compared to native XG, acetylamine-grafted XG (MXG) demonstrated superior physiochemical characteristics, such as increased gelling capacity, mucoadhesion, and viscosity. Because of its greater hydrophilicity, MXG exhibited longer gelling stability and quicker water absorption, even though it formed gels at a lower concentration (0.6% vs. 1.2% for XG). Superior mucoadhesive strength and detachment force were demonstrated by ex vivo investigations. With an LD50 > 2 g/kg, toxicity tests showed that MXG was safe for topical and oral use. These results point to the potential of MXG as an effective carrier in oral and topical medication delivery systems.