Silver nanoparticles embedded chitosan-gelatin polymeric composite: Green synthesis, characterization, and investigation of its catalytic activity and protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

After an ischemic stroke, mechanical recanalization or thrombolysis can be used to restore blood flow. Reperfusion, however, may worsen the ischemia-induced harm in certain patients, resulting in a condition known as “cerebral reperfusion injury.” This injury is caused by various pathogenic events, including postischemic hyperperfusion, leukocyte infiltration, platelet and complement activation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Formulating a current remedial drug for stroke is a research priority in the world. Integrating nanoscience and medicine is essential as the nano revolution develops. The creation of biogenic technologies to produce sophisticated nanomaterials is the result of the secret discovered in nature. The present study describes the sustainable synthesis of polymeric nanocomposite-based Ag nanoparticles (NPs) after specifying its features and biological investigations. We employed chitosan-gelatin (CS-Gel) compound hydrogel as the template. The biopolymers had the potential to play the role of an environmentally friendly metric-reducing agent of the approaching silver ions as well as containing a stabilizer of the silver NPs through activating and using their electron-loaded organo-functions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X ray (EDX), elemental mapping, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) constituted analytical tools for assessing and recognizing the physicochemical properties of the substance. In the water solvent and ambient temperature, the performance of the CS-Gel/Ag NPs nanocomposite had to be evaluated in the reduction of methyl orange (MO) as a harmful water contaminant. The reactions were appraised via a time-based UV-Vis spectroscopic investigation demonstrating the great capability of the catalyst. The CS-Gel/Ag NPs nano catalyst was separated using the centrifuge and became so constant that it could be reused for nine successive periods with no significant harm to the action. The middle cerebral artery was blocked for 90 mins and then reperfused for 48 hours to cause cerebral ischemia-reperfusion damage in rats. For three days prior to the ischemia reperfusion, the rats were given intravenous injections of 40, 80, 160, and 320 µg/kg of CS-Gel/Ag NPs nanocomposite once daily. The cell damage index was determined by measuring the infarct volume, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, lactate dehydrogenase activity, learning and memory performance, and IgG extravasation into the cerebral parenchyma. Rats’ cerebral ischemic stroke-reperfusion injury was found to be protected by pretreatment with CS-Gel/Ag NPs nanocomposite. Pretreatment with CS-Gel/Ag NPs nanocomposite inhibited the learning and memory deficits induced by an ischemia stroke-reperfusion injury. Additionally, the CS-Gel/Ag NPs nanocomposite significantly blocked the extravasation of IgG and decreased the infarct volume and lactate dehydrogenase activity.