Triazoles- A paradigm shift in drug discovery: A review on synthesis and therapeutic potential

Over the years, the synthesis of triazoles has emerged as a significant benchmark in organic chemistry due to their widespread use in various pharmaceutical and therapeutic sectors. Huisgen cycloaddition, Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, Ruthenium Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (RuAAC), Pinner Triazole Synthesis, and Banert Cascade Reaction stand out as key reactions for the synthesis of triazole rings. Triazole derivatives have shown promising results as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-Alzheimer, and anticancer agents. Their structural diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets make them highly effective in therapeutic applications. The synthesis of triazoles, therefore, represents a crucial connection between synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry, with ongoing research focused on optimizing these reactions to achieve better yields, specificity, and therapeutic efficacy.