Advancements in Phytoremediation Techniques for Purification of Industrial Wastewater: A review

Phytoremediation is regarded as an economical and ecologically beneficial approach that has demonstrated efficacy in cleaning up contaminated water and soils. Particularly, phytoremediation is the only approach used for various types of wetlands when applied on a large scale to purify industrial effluent. Nonetheless, most research on the phytoremediation of contaminated water in wetland-type reactors has been done as a black box. The pollutant removal efficiency is the sole criterion used to assess performance, and data available regarding the processes and mechanisms involved in pollutant removal in these systems. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide a quick overview of the fundamental procedures of phytoremediation including characteristics, mechanisms, and microbial and plant Interactions in Rhizoremedation Processes. Furthermore, this chapter covered the difficulties and approaches associated with applying phytoremediation on a large scale, as well as the methods used by aquatic plants to eliminate both organic and inorganic pollutants from water and some examples of its industrial applications.