Some biological markers associated with risk factors in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: This study aimed to determine the clinical, hormonal and lifestyle risk factors in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: From January to May 2025, 85 PCOS patients (aged 18-45) who attended the Al-Ramadi Obstetrician-Gynecologist Hospital participated in this study, and 50 healthy controls were recruited. Women with PCOS were diagnosed based on Rotterdam criteria,. Clinical assessments included anthropometric features , hyperandrogenism signs, menstrual history and lifestyle factors and HOMA-IR were measurements . Hormonal investigations included Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Follisatin,Vaspin and ghrelin levels .
Results: PCOS was significantly associated with higher BMI, HOMA-IR, physical inactivity, frequent consumption of junk food, sleep deprivation, and an increased LH/FSH ratio. Hirsutism, acne, and menstrual irregularities were more prevalent in the PCOS group. Hormonal results showed an increase of Follisatin and Vaspin levels in PCOS patients compared to the control group, with evident decrease observed in ghrelin levels in PCOS patients compared to the control group.
Conclusion: PCOS is strongly associated with modifiable lifestyle and metabolic risk factors.  Follisatin, Vaspin, and Ghrelin disorders have been closely linked with HOMA-IR in women with PCOS. Early screening, education, and targeted interventions are critical for avoiding long-term reproductive complications.