Leveraging artificial intelligence for water optimisation in upstream oil and gas energy operations

Abstract
Water scarcity and climate change are significant challenges for sustainable water management worldwide. Factors such as population growth, industrial development, and unsustainable practices are increasing water demand. The upstream oil and gas energy industry faces water management challenges, including sourcing, treating, transporting, and disposing of water while meeting Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) requirements. This study introduces the Water Usage Efficiency Index (WUEI) using artificial intelligence in Python, a novel quantitative framework aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals. The WUEI assesses water management in upstream energy operations by analysing water intensity, source sustainability, and temporal variability. Data from the Alberta Energy Regulator and oil sands operators are used to evaluate operational efficiency and water recycling rates from 2013 to 2022. WUEI scores range from 0.624 to 2.130, highlighting areas for improvement and guiding water management strategies. This standardised approach supports ESG objectives and promotes industry best practices. The research offers a practical, AI-enhanced method for evaluating water efficiency in the oil and gas sector, contributing to sustainable water management and ESG goals. Collaboration among academia, industry, and policymakers is essential for the widespread adoption of the WUEI framework.