Cite this Article (APA)
Zhenchen, S., Shaohui, H., Huifang, W., Yao, X., Xiaoqiang, G., Aimin, Y. (2026). K-means-SMOTE -ALA-XGBoost: Diagnosis of faults in hot-rolled strip steel plates. Alexandria Engineering Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2026.03.015