The approach to the screening for visual impairment of children and adolescents by family medicine physicians in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Vision impairment in children, the leading causes of which are untreated refractive errors and amblyopia, is a significant global health issue. This study focuses on the current practices of vision impairment screening of children and adolescents by family medicine physicians in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methods used by family medicine physicians to screen vision and identify areas requiring improvement to enhance early detection and treatment.


MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 172 family medicine physicians in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia from 2023 to 2024. Data were collected using via social media and visits using a self-administered questionnaire comprising questions on sociodemographics, current screening methods, and physicians’ confidence in performing various visual assessment tests. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and Chi-square test was used to determine associations between physician demographics and screening practices.


RESULTS:
The study found that visual inspection of the external eye was the most commonly used test for both over and under 3 years of age while visual acuity tests with letters or numbers and red reflex were used by 41.9% and 40.1% for over and under 3 years old, respectively. However, significant gaps were identified in training and resource availability; many physicians lacked access to advanced screening tools as well as sufficient training in pediatric ophthalmology.


CONCLUSION:
The study highlights the need for enhanced training programs and better resource allocation to improve vision screening practices by family medicine physicians. Implementing comprehensive training in pediatric vision screening and ensuring access to appropriate screening tools are critical steps toward the improvement of early detection and treatment of vision impairment in children and adolescents.