Evaluation of ABO isoagglutinin levels in platelet donors of blood group O

Background
Platelet (PLT) transfusions must consider the issues as a result of the existence of anti-ABO alloisogglutinins in the plasma of the donor and high levels of ABO antigen on the surface of the PLT. Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions that occur within the bloodstream, however comparatively uncommon, Group O donors’ apheresis platelets include anti-A and B antibodies, which have been passively transmitted over a slight ABO incompatibility (recipients of groups A, B, and AB). Until now, efforts to increase the group O PLT transfusions’ safety have primarily concentrated on lowering the amount of incompatible plasma given or determining a safe alloisogglutinin titre level.


Objectives
To assess the anti-A and B titres in the O blood group donor’s plasma.


Patients and methods
At Assiut University Hospital’s central blood bank. A cross-–sectional study involving 100 O blood group donors and 100 pooled O plasma was carried out.


Results
Regarding anti-A and B, the difference between the O Donors and Pooled Plasma was highly statistically significant.


Conclusion
ABO-incompatible PLT infusions carry a slight but real risk of hemolysis from passively administered anti-A and/or anti-B alloisogglutinins. Blood banks’ ABO antibody titration will improve the safety of nonidentical ABO transfusions. An ongoing problem is the lack of international agreement on what qualifies as a critical titre and the absence of standardization of performing titres.