CD62P (P-selectin) as a marker of assessment of platelet storage lesion in platelet concentrates

Background
Platelet concentrates (PCs) are widely utilized to support patients with severe thrombocytopenia.


Aim
To evaluate platelet activation in PCs stored for 5 days using platelet-rich plasma or buffy coat preparation from whole blood and examine leukocyte filtration’s impact on activation using the P-selectin marker.


Patients and methods
This was a cross-sectional comparative investigation carried out at Central Assiut University Hospitals between January of 2023 and August of 2024.


Results
It has been observed that both groups [90 leukocyte-depleted platelet concentrates (LD-PC) and 90 nonfiltered platelet concentrates (NF-PC)], which pooled into 15 LD-PC and 15 NF-PC had insignificant variance with regard to CD62P at 0 day (12.88±3.40 vs. 10.01±2.53%; P=0.09). Meanwhile, the LD-PC group had significantly lower CD62P at the third day (16.09±1.67 vs. 37.55±9.41%; P<0.001) and fifth day (17.78±1.20 vs. 45.44±6.98%; P<0.001) in comparison to the NF-PC group. In the LD-PC group, it was found that there were significant reductions in platelets, pH, and glucose at the third and fifth days of platelet storage, with lactate dehydrogenase showing significantly higher at the fifth day, and CD62P was a significant increase on the third and fifth days. In the NF-PC group, the study revealed a significant decrease in platelets, pH, along with a highly significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase and CD62P on the third and fifth days and a high significant decrease in glucose on fifth day.


Conclusion
LD-PCs revealed better results with increased platelet count and decreased leukocyte count, suggesting proper detection and use of CD62P for assessment.